![]() In another word, S16-94 removed the K value chart for columns of side-sway permitted frame. Appendix C is for K value of columns in a continuous frame with side-sway prevented. Appendix B gives the column K values, ranging from 0.65 to 2.0. For columns which are prone to buckling, as per Clause 9.3.3, K will be determined by either Appendix B and C. For beams K=1.0 (SAP2000 gives a default value K=1.0 for all beams, also there isn't a K required in calculation of Mr in S16-94), end moments will include the 2nd-order effect, which is obtained either by a P-Delta analysis option or by a moment magnification factor (old formula). The code distinguishes beam and column although we can name both "beam-column" in actual structure. Actually, in accordance with CISC S16-94, there isn't a word saying with P-Delta analysis K value can be simply 1.0 anywhere. The stiffness matrix will be updated with the step-by-step load increase. I guess the "incrementally" here means the analysis iteration with P-Delta option.
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